Polonnaruwa – Sri Lanka

Polonnaruwa is an ancient city located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, renowned for its rich archaeological and cultural heritage. It served as the second capital of the ancient Kingdom of Sri Lanka, succeeding Anuradhapura, and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Founded in the 11th century AD by King Vijayabahu I, Polonnaruwa flourished as a center of trade, commerce, and culture during the reign of subsequent rulers. The city reached its zenith under King Parakramabahu I, who initiated extensive building projects and infrastructure development, including the construction of vast irrigation systems, reservoirs, and religious monuments.

Today, Polonnaruwa is celebrated for its well-preserved archaeological ruins, which offer insights into the grandeur of ancient Sri Lankan civilization. Visitors to the city can explore the Royal Palace complex, which includes the ruins of the king’s residence, audience hall, and council chamber, adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures.

One of the highlights of Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, a group of four colossal rock-cut statues of the Buddha carved into a granite cliff face. These magnificent sculptures, dating back to the 12th century, showcase the exquisite craftsmanship and artistic prowess of the ancient Sri Lankan artisans.

Other notable attractions in Polonnaruwa include the ancient dagobas (stupas) such as Rankoth Vehera and Kiri Vehera, the intricately carved Lankatilaka Temple, and the Thuparama Gedige, a unique combination of Buddhist and Hindu architectural styles.

Polonnaruwa is also famous for its extensive irrigation systems, including the massive Parakrama Samudra reservoir, which still provides water for agricultural purposes in the region. The city’s engineering marvels demonstrate the advanced technological prowess of ancient Sri Lankan civilization.

Overall, Polonnaruwa offers visitors a fascinating journey back in time to explore the remnants of a glorious ancient capital, with its impressive monuments, rich history, and cultural significance making it a must-visit destination for travelers interested in Sri Lanka’s ancient past.